How long should hands be washed to effectively clean them?

Washing hands for 15 to 30 seconds is considered effective for reducing the number of pathogens on the skin. This time frame allows for thorough scrubbing of all hand surfaces, including between fingers and under nails, which are common areas where germs can reside. Proper hand hygiene is vital for infection control, as it helps prevent the transmission of infectious agents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends this duration specifically to ensure that the mechanical action of scrubbing, combined with soap and water, adequately removes dirt, viruses, and bacteria. Shorter durations may not achieve the same level of cleanliness, potentially leaving harmful microorganisms on the hands.