What is the primary function of disinfectants?

The primary function of disinfectants is to destroy most pathogens. Disinfectants are chemical agents specifically designed for use on surfaces, instruments, and equipment to reduce the number of microorganisms to a safe level, significantly lowering the risk of infection. While disinfectants are effective against a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, they do not necessarily eliminate all microorganisms; this level of effectiveness is often referred to as being "microbicidal" rather than "sterilizing."

Disinfectants help maintain a clean and safe environment, especially in healthcare settings, by targeting harmful pathogens that can cause infections. However, they are not equivalent to sterilization, which refers to the complete destruction of all forms of microbial life, including spores. Therefore, while disinfectants play a critical role in infection control by reducing the microbial load, their primary purpose is not to achieve sterilization but rather to provide a practical means of pathogen destruction.